Métalangage de description de documents dont est issu HTML.
Sigle de Standard generalized mark-up language (langage générique normalisé de description par balises).Les langages à balises permettent de décrire le contenu d’un document en utilisant uniquement les lettres, les chiffres et les signes du code Ascii, sans recourir à des codes ou à des séquences de codes binaires particuliers. Ils sont utilisés sous diverses formes depuis que la photocomposition existe, notamment pour créer les pages de nos journaux.SGML a été créé en 1986 pour normaliser la structure de ces langages de description de documents par balises. C’est un métalangage, c’est-à-dire qu’en suivant ses instructions, on peut créer un langage de description de pages qui sera une déclinaison de SGML. HTML est la plus connue et la plus utilisée de ces déclinaisons.En d’autres termes, SGML ne définit pas de balises (d’éléments) spécifiques (par exemple
) mais indique quelles conditions doit remplir toute balise et précise comment définir et déclarer un élément spécifique.Les trois principales qualités de SGML par rapport à ses prédécesseurs sont les suivantes :- il a une vocation descriptive et non procédurale. Il favorise la création d’éléments décrivant le document et son contenu (<reflivre>La Vie : mode d’emploi</reflivre>) et non d’éléments indiquant comment présenter le texte (<ital>La Vie : mode d’emploi</ital>). Il en résulte une plus grande souplesse de présentation ;- il prévoit, pour chaque document à décrire, une structure propre de définition du type de document (DTD, Document type definition).- Il est indépendant de toute plate-forme matérielle ou logicielle.Depuis le succès de HTML, les responsables du W3C (World-Wide Web Consortium) ont créé <a target="_blank" href="//www.01net.com/editorial/192486/xml/" rel="noopener">XML</a>, qui reprend les meilleurs concepts de SGML, tire les leçons de lutilisation de HTML et se pose en successeur de SGML.</p> <blockquote> <p class="text-base text-neutral-700 dark:text-neutral-300">🔴 Pour ne manquer aucune actualité de 01net, suivez-nous sur <a href="https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMJPsvAswoIfUAw?hl=fr&gl=FR&ceid=FR%3Afr" target="_blank">Google Actualités</a> et <a href="https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaH5gKg6xCSG9nQQhQ1Z" target="_blank">WhatsApp</a>.</p> </blockquote>
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